Process for dyeing natural and synthetic polyamide fibers with acid dyestuff and composition therefor

ABSTRACT

WHEREIN ONE X is hydroxy and the second X is hydrogen or methyl, wherein each Y and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl provided that a maximum of one X and Z is methyl and a maximum of one Y is methyl.   Composition and method for dyeing natural proteinaceous and synthetic polyamide fibers, particularly silk, wool and nylon, utilizing as dye assistants compounds of the formula

United States Patent [73] Assignee Velsicol Chemical Corporation [54] PROCESS FOR DYEING NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYAMIDE FIBERS WITH ACID DYESTUFF AND COMPOSITION THEREFOR 13 Claims, No Drawings [52] U.S. Cl 8/54,

I 8/173 [51] Int. Cl D06p 3/14 [50] Field of Search 8/54, 174,

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS I,723,27l 8/1929 Ellis 8/94 X 3,062,782 I 1/1962 Tapas et al 260/47 OTHER REFERENCES H. Bruson et al., JACS, 67, pp. 723- 728, May. 1945, QD15A.

P. Bartlett et al., JACS, 68, pp. 6- 8, Jan. 1946, QDlSA.

Primary Examiner-George F. Lesmes Assistant E.raminer-T. .1. Herbert, Jr. AttorneyRobert .l. Schwarz ABSTRACT: Composition and method for dyeing natural proteinaceous and synthetic polyamide fibers, particularly silk, wool and nylon, utilizing as dye assistants compounds of the formula 2 Y H z Y H H H l H H H x- Y x Y HH and k-H x Y x Y H7 H \H wherein one X is hydroxy and the second X is hydrogen or methyl, wherein each Y and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl provided that a maximum of one X and Z is methyl and a maximum of one Y is methyl.

PROCESS FOR DYEING NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYAMIDE FIBERS WITII ACID DYESTUFF AND COMPOSITION THEREFOR This invention relates to the dyeing of natural proteinaceous and synthetic polyamide fibers. In particular it is directed to the dyeing of silk, wool and nylon.

The art of dyeing is a complex procedure requiring various techniques and chemicals. In particular, the dyeing of natural proteinaceous materials such as wool and silk, and synthetic polyamides, such an nylon, is preformed by the use of acid dyes. It is common to use these dyes in combination with assistants that improve the quality of dyeing and the utilization of dyestuffs. There are a number of products commercially used for this purpose, yet each of these has certain technical or economic drawbacks.

Consequently, it is an object of the present invention to devise an improvement in the dyeing of natural proteinaceous and synthetic polyamide fibers, particularly silk, wool and nylon.

It is another object of the present invention to devise compositions for dyeing that are useful in uniformly distributing the dye at the highest level of color.

It has now been found that by the use of the following compounds as dye assistants there is obtained substantial improvement in the uniformity of the dyeing and depth of color achieved. The compounds useful as dye assistants in accordance with the present invention are selected from compounds having the formula:

wherein one X is hydroxy and the second X is hydrogen or methyl wherein each Y and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl provided that a maximum of one X and Z is methyl and a maximum of one Y is methyl.

A particularly useful compound is dicyclopentyl alcohol prepared as described by Bruson and Reiner JACS 67 p. 723,

having the structural formula H Hg H HO H- H a boiling point of about 117 C. at 9 mm. Hg, a refractive index of about N 1.5262 and an infrared spectrum having strong bands at about 9.4, 10.1, 12.7 and 14.4 microns. Further elucidation of the structure of this compound is discussed by Bartlett and Schneider, JACS 68 6, 1946.

Another compound useful in the present invention is 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7methanoindan-5-ol. This compound can be prepared by the hydrogenation of dicyclopentyl alcohol such as is described in US. Pat. No. 3,062,782, issued Nov. 6, 1962. This compound hereinafter will be referred to as hydrogenated dicyclopentyl alcohol."

Other compounds within the scope of the present invention are 2-methyl-3a,4,5,6,7,7-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-ol, 6-methyl-3a,4,5,6,7,7-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-S-ol, lmethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,7-hexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-S-ol, 4- methyl-3a,4,5,6,7,7-hexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-6-ol, etc.

The new dye assistants of the present invention are particularly useful in the dyeing of natural and synthetic fibers utilizing dyestuffs normally termed acid dyes." The term acid dyes encompasses three types of dyestuffs, i.e., the simple acid dyes, mordant acid dyes and premetalized acid dyes.

The simple acid dyes fall into various chemical types such as nitro, as exemplified by C1 Acid Yellow 1 (Cl. No. 10316) monoazo, as exemplified by C1 Acid Red 1 (C1. No. 18050); diazo, exemplified by C1 Acid Red 89 (Cl. No. 23910), nitroso, exemplified by C1 Acid Green 1 (C1. No. 10020); monoazo, exemplified by C1 Acid Orange 72 (C.l. No. 18740); triphenylmethane, exemplified by C1 Acid Blue 7 (CI. No. 42080); xanthrene, exemplified by C1 Acid Violet 9 (CI. No. 45190), anthraquinone, exemplified by C1 Blue 45 (01. No. 63010); azine, exemplified by C1 Acid Blue 59 (CI. No. 50315) and quinoline, exemplified by C1 Acid Yellow 3 (Cl. No. 47005 The mordant acid dyes similarly fall into several chemical types, such as anthraquinone, exemplified by C1 Mordant Red 3 (C.I. No. 58005); monoazo, exemplified by C1 Mordant Red 7 (C1. No. 18760); diazo, exemplified by C1 Mordant Brown 1 (Cl No. 201 10); oxazine, exemplified by C1 Mordant Violet 50; xanthene exemplified by C1 Mordant Red 15; triphenylamine, exemplified by C1 Mordant Blue 1 (C1. No. 43830); nitroso, exemplified by C1 Mordant Green 4; and naphthoquinone, exemplified by C1 Mordant Brown 7.

The premetalized acid dyes are also divided into several types:

1:1 Metal complex dyes with sulfonic acid groups for solubility, exemplified by the Palatine Fast and the Neolan dyes; 1:1 metal complex with colorless complex builders but without sulfonic acid groups, exemplified by the Neopalatine dyes; 1:2 metal complex dyes with solubilizing groups, exemplified by Polar Grey BL; 1:2 metal complex neutral dyes, exemplified by Irgalan Grey BL (C.I. Acid Black 58).

The actual procedures for applying the dyestuffs to the fibers using the present dye assistants are identical to the standard procedures for the dyeing of natural and synthetic proteinaceous and polyamide fibers using standard acid dye formulations. For example, the dye composition can be applied by printing, padding or spraying onto the fabric, or by means of an immersion operation. The actual process conditions, such as temperature, pH, etc., are substantially the same as that employed in the art for currently favored systems.

Similarly, the dye composition can contain other additives normally used in dyeing with acid dyes. For example, thickeners such as methyl celluloses or natural gums are useful for certain applications. Other auxiliary materials can also be used such as sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium acetate, ammonium phosphate, methyl and ethyl lactate, methyl and ethyl tartrate, formic acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.

The compositions of the present invention contemplate a dye preparation containing as essential components an acid dyestuff useful in the dyeing of synthetic and natural fibers, including silk, wool and nylon, and the prescribed alcohols as an essential dye assistant. These compositions can have as optional additional components the aforedescribed additives, such as the thickeners, surfactants, and pH control agents. These additives are often used but the specific ones to be used and their amount can vary with the application.

Various amounts of the aforedescribed alcohols can be used in order to accomplish the results of the present invention. The use of excess dye assistant while possible, is actually wasteful since after an efficient amount has been used no additional beneficial results are achieved by the excess. For most purposes the essential dye assistant should be present in an amount of between about 0.25 and about 20 weight percent of the dye composition preferably between about 0.1 and about 10 weight percent of the dye composition.

The following examples illustrate the compositions and methods of the present invention, which are not limited thereto:

EXAMPLE 1 In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present compositions a series of experiments were performed using Amount (cc.) 0, 0.5. L0. L5. 2.0

Component Dicyclopentyl alcohol Polygum 260 (l% soln) 25 Formic Acid l.$ lrgalan Grey BL (2% soln) 25 The dicyclopentyl alcohol was preblended with 5 percent of its weight of an emulsifier. The mixtures were stirred for l5 20 minutes to effect homogeneous distribution of the components. Each mixture was padded onto a 5 gram swatch of knitted nylon 6/6 fiber. The padded nylon swatch was then passed between two rubber rollers to squeeze out excess mixture and to achieve an approximately l-percent addition of the mixture to the nylon swatch. The padded swatches were then steamed at atmospheric pressure for 1 hour, followed by soaping, rinsing and air-drying. The aforedescribed procedure was repeated at the identical levels of dye assistant, with the substitution of benzyl alcohol for the dicyclopentyl alcohol.

An arbitrary scale was established wherein the lightest shade was assigned the rating of 0 and the darkest shade was assigned the rating of 10. The following observations were made:

Dye Assistant Amount (cc.) Rating Dicyclopcntyl Alcohol 0 0 Dicyclopcntyl Alcohol 0.5 7 Dicyclopentyl Alcohol L0 10 Dicyclopentyl Alcohol L Dicyclopentyl Alcohol 2.0 l0 Benzyl Alcohol 0 0 Benzyl Alcohol 0.5 l Benzyl Alcohol L0 2 Benzyl Alcohol L5 4 Benzyl Alcohol 2.0 6

At corresponding levels of dye assistant, the depth of shade of the nylon dyed using dicyclopentyl alcohol constituted a substantial improvement over the depth of shade of the nylon dyed using benzyl alcohol as the dye assistant. In fact the nylon dyed using the highest level of benzyl alcohol (2.0 cc.) did not give a dye shade as deep as did the lowest level of dicyclopentyl alcohol (0.5 cc.) Furthermore, the dye shade attained by the use of 2.0 cc. of dicyclopentyl alcohol was much deeper than that attained with the use of the same amount of benzyl alcohol.

EXAMPLE 2 Dye pastes were prepared according to the foregoing example, but using Supralan Yellow NR (C.l. No. 18690) as the dye. These pastes were padded onto knitted nylon 6 fiber and pressed to achieve 100 percent add-on as previously described. After steaming, soaping, washing and drying the depth of color of the swatches was rated in a manner similar to the previous example. The following observations were made:

Dye Assistant Amount (cc.) Rating Dicyclopentyl Alcohol 0 0 Dicyclopentyl Alcohol 0.5 9 Dicyclopentyl Alcohol L0 10 Dicyclopcntyl Alcohol L5 10 Dicyclcpentyl Alcohol 2.0 [0 Benzyl Alcohol 0 0 Bcnzyl Alcohol 0.5 l Benzyl Alcohol I .0 4 Bcnzyl Alcohol L5 8 Benlyl Alcohol 2.0 It) EXAMPLE 3 Dye pastes were prepared according to the following formulations:

Dye Assistant as indicated below Polygum 260 (lk soln) 25 cc. Supralan Brown NR (2% soln) (C.l. Acid Brown Ill) 25 cc.

Formic Acid l.5 cc.

Several pastes were prepared using known dye assistants. These pastes were compared with a paste using dicyclopentyl alcohol. The dye pastes were padded onto knitted nylon 6, and the samples processed as previously described. The ratings were determined as in the previous examples with the following results:

Dyc Assistant Amount Rating Cihaphasol AS 0.5 cc. 0 Cihaphasol AS 2.0 cc. 0 thiodiglyeol 3 c.c. urea 5 g. I Z-cthoxy ethanol 3 cc. urea 5 g. 2 thiourea 5% thiodiglycol 5% Z-hutoxy ethanol 5% 4 benzyl alcohol 2% 4 benzyl alcohol 3% 5 benzyl alcohol 4% 7 dicyclopentyl alcohol I% I0 Additional experiments were performed with other dyes, including Capracyl Orange and Irgalan Red 2 BL. Each of these experiments verified the conclusions that dicyclopentyl alcohol provides excellent depth of shade and levelling, generally superior to that obtained with commonly used dyeing assistants.

EXAMPLE 4 In order to make certain that the emulsifier is not critical to the performance of the present dyeing assistants, various emulsifiers were utilized in a series of experiments. Since emulsifiers applicable to acid dyeing procedures are generally classified as being anionic or nonionic examples of each classification were used at various levels based on the weight of dicyclopentyl alcohol. Also certain combinations of emulsifiers were used as follows:

Percent Emulslfier Type ATLOX 3406 Anlonlc/nonlonlc. 5

Do .do

Tile Aim eniul sifiersare rflii amass Chemical lndustries and are polyoxyethylene derivatives and blends with alkyl aryl sulfonates.

Span 20 is a product of the Atlas Chemical Industries and is Sorbiton monolaurate.

TRYLOX CO-40 is a product of Trylon Chemical Industries. Inc. and is an ethoxylated caster oil.

TRYDET 3300? is a product of Trylon Chemical Industries, Inc. and is polyoxyethylene derivatives of fatty acid.

Using Supralan Yellow NR as the dye. experiments were carried out as described in example 2. The processed fiber swatches were examined for any modification of the effectiveness of the dicyclopentyl alcohol. It is recognized that excessive amounts of anionic surfactants can retard the development of color in dyeing with acid dyes. It was concluded that neither the type or amount of emulsifier is critical to the effectiveness of dicyclopentyl alcohol. For normal applications the emulsifier should be present in an amount of between about 2 and 25 weight percent of the dye assistant, preferably between about 5 and 20 weight percent.

As previously stated, the present composition can contain thickeners. Thickeners commonly used in preparing pastes with acid dyes are useful in the present compositions in the normal quantities. In order to substantiate this, additional mixtures within the present composition were prepared using a polysaccharide gum, sold under the trademark KELZAN, a trademark of Kelco Co., and compared with a similar composition prepared using as a thickener Polygum 260, a trademark of Polymer Industries, lnc., for sodium alginate.

EXAMPLE 5 Using Irgalan Green 3 GL as the dye pastes were prepared as described in example Swatches of nylon 6 were dyed and processed in accordance with the methods described in this example. Dicyclopentyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol were used alternately as the dye assistants. The rating were determined as in the previous examples with the following results:

Dye Assistant KELZAN POLYGUM 260 None 1) Benlyl Alcohol (3%) 3 Dicyclopenlyl Alcohol (2%) l0 10 The amount of thickener used in dye pastes will vary, de pending on the type of dye, the method of application, and the construction of the fabric to be dyed. Pastes used for screen printing will usually be thicker than those used for roller work. Heavy staple fabrics require a thinner paste than would be employed in printing sheer, filament constructions. Normally the thickener would be present in concentrations from about 0.25 percent to about 2 percent of the weight of the total dye paste.

We claim:

1. A dye composition which comprises an acid dyestuff and a dye assistant selected from Z H IY H Z H Y H H H H V Y Y i H and 7& H X' Y X Y H H H wherein one X is hydroxy and the second X is hydrogen or methyl, wherein each Y and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl provided that a maximum of one X and Z is methyl and a maximum of one Y is methyl.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the dye assistant is H H, H

H0 H- H having a boiling point of about l 17 C. at 9 mm. Hg, 11 refractive index of about N 1.5262 and an infrared spectrum having strong bands at about 9.4, l0.1, 12.7 and 14.4 microns.

3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the dye assistant is 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-ol.

4. The composition of claim I wherein the dye assistant is present in a quantity between about 0.25 and about 20 weight percent of the composition.

5. An improvement in the process for the dyeing of natural proteinaceous and synthetic polyamide fibers with acid dyes which comprises applying thereto the dye composition of claim 1.

6. An improvement in the process for the dyeing of natural proteinaceous and synthetic polyamide fibers which comprises applying thereto the composition of claim 2.

7. An improvement in the process for the dyelng of natural proteinaceous and synthetic polyamide fibers which comprises applying thereto the composition of claim 3.

8. The process of claim 5 wherein the natural proteinaceous fiber is wool.

9. The process of claim 5 wherein the natural proteinaceous fiber is silk.

10. The process of claim 5 wherein the synthetic polyamide fiber in nylon.

11. The process of claim 6 wherein the natural proteinaceous fiber is wool.

12. The process of claim 6 wherein the synthetic polyamide fiber is silk.

13. The process of claim 6 wherein the synthetic polyamide fiber is nylon. 

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the dye assistant is
 3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the dye assistant is 3a,4, 5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-ol.
 4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the dye assistant is present in a quantity between about 0.25 and about 20 weight percent of the composition.
 5. An improvement in the process for the dyeing of natural proteinaceous and synthetic polyamide fibers with acid dyes which comprises applying thereto the dye composition of claim
 1. 6. An improvement in the process for the dyeing of natural proteinaceous and synthetic polyamide fibers which comprises applying thereto the composition of claim
 2. 7. An improvement in the process for the dyeing of natural proteinaceous and synthetic polyamide fibers which comprises applying thereto the composition of claim
 3. 8. The process of claim 5 wherein the natural proteinaceous fiber is wool.
 9. The process of claim 5 wherein the natural proteinaceous fiber is silk.
 10. The process of claim 5 wherein the synthetic polyamide fiber in nylon.
 11. The process of claim 6 wherein the natural proteinaceous fiber is wool.
 12. The process of claim 6 wherein the synthetic polyamide fiber is silk.
 13. The process of claim 6 wherein the synthetic polyamide fiber is nylon. 